Use of Microbes:

1. Fermentation: Microbes like bacteria and yeast are used in the fermentation industry to produce various products, including ethanol, beer, wine, and yogurt. Fermentation is a metabolic process where microorganisms convert sugars into alcohol, acids, or other compounds, resulting in the production of food and beverages.

2. Antibiotics Production: Microbes are the source of antibiotics, essential for treating bacterial infections in humans and animals. Antibiotics like penicillin, produced from the fungus Penicillium, revolutionized medicine by enabling the effective treatment of bacterial diseases.

3. Industrial Products: Microbes are used to produce enzymes, bioactive molecules, and chemicals with applications in various industries. For example, enzymes like amylase and lipase are used in the food and detergent industries, while streptokinase is used to dissolve blood clots in patients.

4. Bioremediation: Microbes contribute to environmental cleaning by breaking down organic pollutants and contaminants. They are used to clean up oil spills, degrade toxic chemicals, and restore ecosystems affected by pollution.

5. Sewage Treatment: Microbes play a crucial role in sewage treatment. They are used in primary and secondary treatment processes to remove contaminants and reduce the organic load in wastewater, ensuring that it can be safely released or reused.